Past Continuous

Що це таке?

Past Continuous (Минулий тривалий час) — використовується для опису:

• Дій, які тривали в конкретний момент у минулому
• Двох паралельних дій у минулому
• Дії, яка тривала, коли сталася інша дія
• Атмосфери та фону в розповіді

Формула

Стверджувальна форма

Формула: Subject + was/were + Verb-ing

Правила додавання -ing:

• Більшість дієслів: work → working, play → playing
• Дієслова на -e: прибрати -e: make → making, write → writing
• Короткі дієслова (приголосна+голосна+приголосна): подвоїти останню приголосну: run → running, sit → sitting, swim → swimming
• Дієслова на -ie: замінити на -y: lie → lying, die → dying

Заперечна форма

Формула: Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing

Питальна форма

Формула: Was/Were + Subject + Verb-ing?

Коли використовувати?

1. Дія, що тривала в конкретний момент у минулому

Використовуй, коли: говориш про дію, що відбувалася в певний момент у минулому

I was reading a book at 8 PM yesterday. (Я читав книгу о 8 вечора вчора.) She was sleeping at midnight. (Вона спала опівночі.) They were watching TV at that moment. (Вони дивилися телевізор в той момент.)

Питання: What were you doing at...? (Що ти робив о...?)

What were you doing at 5 PM? — I was working.

2. Дві паралельні дії в минулому

Використовуй, коли: дві дії відбувалися одночасно в минулому

While I was cooking, he was watching TV. (Поки я готував, він дивився телевізор.) She was reading while they were playing. (Вона читала, поки вони гралися.) I was studying while my brother was sleeping. (Я вчився, поки мій брат спав.)

Ключові слова: while (поки), as (коли, в той час як)

3. Тривала дія + коротка дія (Past Continuous + Past Simple)

Використовуй, коли: одна дія тривала, а інша раптово сталася

I was watching TV when the phone rang. (Я дивився телевізор, коли задзвонив телефон.) She was cooking when I arrived. (Вона готувала, коли я прийшов.) They were sleeping when the alarm went off. (Вони спали, коли спрацювала сигналізація.)

Формула:

• Тривала дія (фон) → Past Continuous
• Коротка дія (що перервала) → Past Simple
• Сполучник: when (коли)

4. Опис атмосфери та фону в розповіді

Використовуй, коли: описуєш сцену чи атмосферу в минулому

It was raining. People were walking with umbrellas. The wind was blowing. (Йшов дощ. Люди йшли з парасолями. Дув вітер.)

The sun was shining. Birds were singing. Children were playing in the park. (Світило сонце. Співали птахи. Діти гралися в парку.)

Маркери часу (Time Markers)

Приклади:

I was sleeping at midnight. (Я спав опівночі.) While I was cooking, he called. (Поки я готував, він подзвонив.) What were you doing at 5 PM yesterday? (Що ти робив вчора о 5?)

Past Continuous vs Past Simple

Приклади порівняння:

While vs When

Приклади:

While I was cooking, she was reading. (обидві тривали одночасно) When I was cooking, she arrived. (вона прийшла — перервала процес)

Типові помилки

❌ Помилка #1: Забути was/were

❌ I working at 5 PM. ✅ I was working at 5 PM.

❌ Помилка #2: Неправильний вибір was/were

❌ They was playing football. ✅ They were playing football.

❌ I were sleeping. ✅ I was sleeping.

Правило:

• was: I, he, she, it
• were: you, we, they

❌ Помилка #3: Забути -ing

❌ She was cook dinner. ✅ She was cooking dinner.

❌ Помилка #4: Плутати Past Continuous і Past Simple з while/when

❌ While I cooked, he was watching TV. ✅ While I was cooking, he was watching TV. (обидві паралельні)

❌ When I was arriving, she cooked. ✅ When I arrived, she was cooking. (коротка + тривала)

❌ Помилка #5: Використання з stative verbs

❌ I was knowing the answer. ✅ I knew the answer. (Past Simple)

❌ She was wanting a coffee. ✅ She wanted a coffee. (Past Simple)

❌ Помилка #6: Неправильне додавання -ing

❌ He was runing. ✅ He was running. (подвоїти n)

❌ She was makeing a cake. ✅ She was making a cake. (прибрати e)

Дієслова, які НЕ використовуються в Continuous

Stative verbs (дієслова стану) зазвичай не вживаються в Past Continuous:

Розумова діяльність

• know (знати), understand (розуміти), believe (вірити), think (вважати)

Емоції та почуття

• like (подобатися), love (кохати), hate (ненавидіти), want (хотіти)

Володіння

• have (мати), own (володіти), belong (належати)

Інші

• be (бути), seem (здаватися), need (потребувати)

Приклади:

❌ I was knowing him. ✅ I knew him.

❌ She was wanting to leave. ✅ She wanted to leave.

Але! Деякі дієслова можуть бути в Continuous, якщо означають дію:

I was having lunch. (дія — обідав) She was being rude. (поводилася — тимчасова поведінка)

Структура з While і When

While (обидві дії паралельні)

While + Past Continuous, Past Continuous

While I was cooking, she was reading.While they were playing, I was working.

When (коротка дія перериває тривалу)

Past Continuous + when + Past Simple
або
When + Past Simple, Past Continuous

I was watching TV when the phone rang.When the phone rang, I was watching TV.

She was sleeping when I arrived.When I arrived, she was sleeping.

Практика

Вправа 1: Постав дієслово в Past Continuous

1. I _____ (watch) TV at 8 PM yesterday.
2. She _____ (not/work) at that time.
3. _____ you _____ (sleep) at midnight?
4. They _____ (play) football when it started raining.
5. He _____ (study) all evening.
6. We _____ (not/listen) to music.
7. What _____ she _____ (do) at 5 PM?
8. The sun _____ (shine) and birds _____ (sing).

Вправа 2: While чи When?

1. _____ I was cooking, the phone rang.
2. _____ I was cooking, she was reading.
3. He arrived _____ we were having dinner.
4. _____ she was sleeping, I was working.
5. I saw him _____ I was walking home.
6. _____ it was raining, we stayed inside.
7. The doorbell rang _____ I was taking a shower.
8. _____ they were playing, we were watching.

Вправа 3: Past Continuous чи Past Simple?

1. I _____ (read) a book when she _____ (call).
2. While I _____ (cook), he _____ (watch) TV.
3. They _____ (play) football at 5 PM yesterday.
4. What _____ you _____ (do) when I _____ (arrive)?
5. She _____ (sleep) when the alarm _____ (go off).
6. I _____ (see) him while I _____ (walk) to work.
7. It _____ (rain) all day yesterday.
8. When I _____ (enter), everyone _____ (talk).

Вправа 4: Виправ помилки

1. I working at 5 PM.
2. They was playing football.
3. She was cook dinner.
4. While I cooked, he was reading.
5. I was knowing the answer.
6. When I was arriving, she called.
7. He was runing very fast.
8. What you were doing?

Відповіді

Вправа 1:

1. was watching
2. was not (wasn't) working / wasn't working
3. Were / sleeping
4. were playing
5. was studying
6. were not (weren't) listening / weren't listening
7. was / doing
8. was shining / were singing

Вправа 2:

1. When (коротка дія перервала)
2. While (паралельні дії)
3. when / while (обидва можливі)
4. While (паралельні дії)
5. when / while (обидва можливі)
6. While (паралельна ситуація)
7. when / while (обидва можливі)
8. While (паралельні дії)

Вправа 3:

1. was reading / called (тривала + коротка)
2. was cooking / was watching (паралельні)
3. were playing (процес о 5 PM)
4. were / doing / arrived (тривала + коротка)
5. was sleeping / went off (тривала + коротка)
6. saw / was walking (коротка + тривала)
7. was raining (процес весь день)
8. entered / were talking (коротка + тривала)

Вправа 4:

1. I was working at 5 PM.
2. They were playing football.
3. She was cooking dinner.
4. While I was cooking, he was reading.
5. I knew the answer. (stative verb — Past Simple)
6. When I arrived, she called. / When I was arriving, she called. (залежить від значення)
7. He was running very fast.
8. What were you doing?

Корисні поради

1. Запам'ятай формулу: was/were + Verb-ing
2. Was для I, he, she, it; Were для you, we, they
3. While = паралельні дії (обидві Past Continuous)
4. When = одна дія перериває іншу (Continuous + Simple)
5. НЕ використовуй з stative verbs (know, want, like, have-мати)
6. Подвоюй приголосну в коротких дієсловах: run → running, sit → sitting
7. Past Continuous = процес у минулому; Past Simple = завершена дія
8. Питання What were you doing? = Що ти робив? (процес)