Future in the Past

Що це таке?

Future in the Past (Майбутній час у минулому) — використовується для опису:

• Дій, які були майбутніми з точки зору минулого
• Планів і намірів, які були в минулому
• Прогнозів, зроблених у минулому

Головне правило: Ми знаходимося в минулому і дивимося на щось, що було майбутнім з тієї точки зору. Це як "переміщення" Future в минулий контекст.

Формула

1. Would (відповідник will)

Скорочена форма: I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, it'd, we'd, they'd

2. Was/Were going to (відповідник am/is/are going to)

3. Past Continuous (для планів)

Також використовується для запланованих дій у минулому:

She said she was leaving the next day. (Вона сказала, що їде наступного дня.)

Коли використовувати?

1. Непряма мова (Reported Speech)

Використовуй, коли: передаєш слова, сказані в минулому

Пряма мова → Непряма мова:

• "I will help you." → He said he would help me.
• "She will come." → I thought she would come.
• "I*'m going to** buy a car."* → He said he was going to buy a car.

Приклади:

He promised he would call. (Він обіцяв, що передзвонить.) She said she would be late. (Вона сказала, що запізниться.) I told him I would help. (Я сказав йому, що допоможу.)

2. Плани й наміри в минулому

Використовуй, коли: розповідаєш про плани, які були раніше

I was going to call you, but I forgot. (Я збирався подзвонити тобі, але забув.) We were going to go to the cinema, but it was closed. (Ми збиралися піти в кіно, але воно було зачинене.) She was going to study medicine. (Вона збиралася вивчати медицину.)

💡 "Was/were going to" часто вказує, що план НЕ реалізувався.

3. Прогнози в минулому

Використовуй, коли: робив прогноз у минулому

I knew it would happen. (Я знав, що це станеться.) She thought it would be easy. (Вона думала, що це буде легко.) I was sure he would pass the exam. (Я був впевнений, що він здасть іспит.)

4. Описи в розповідях (storytelling)

Використовуй, коли: розповідаєш історію і згадуєш майбутнє з точки зору того моменту

Little did I know that this decision would change my life. (Я й не здогадувався, що це рішення змінить моє життя.) It was the last time I would see him. (Це був останній раз, коли я бачив його.) In a few hours, everything would be different. (Через кілька годин все буде інакше.)

Маркери часу

При Future in the Past змінюються маркери часу з прямої мови:

Приклади:

Пряма: "I'll call you tomorrow."Непряма: He said he would call me the next day.

Пряма: "We're going to travel next month."Непряма: They said they were going to travel the following month.

Would vs Was/Were going to

Порівняй:

He said he would help. (обіцянка в непрямій мові) He was going to help, but he got sick. (план, що не реалізувався)

I knew it would rain. (прогноз) Look at those clouds! It was going to rain. (очевидні ознаки)

Future in the Past в різних формах

Would be doing (Future Continuous in the Past)

She said she would be working at 5 PM. (Вона сказала, що працюватиме о 5 вечора.) I knew he would be waiting for me. (Я знав, що він чекатиме на мене.)

Would have done (Future Perfect in the Past)

He promised he would have finished by Friday. (Він обіцяв, що закінчить до п'ятниці.) I thought she would have left by then. (Я думав, вона вже піде до того часу.)

Would have been doing (Future Perfect Continuous in the Past)

By June, I knew I would have been working there for 5 years. (До червня, я знав, що пропрацюю там 5 років.)

Типові помилки

❌ Помилка #1: Використовувати will замість would у непрямій мові

❌ He said he will come. ✅ He said he would come.

❌ Помилка #2: Не змінювати маркери часу

❌ She said she would call me tomorrow. ✅ She said she would call me the next day.

❌ Помилка #3: Плутати was going to з was doing

❌ I was calling you. (якщо мав намір, але не подзвонив) ✅ I was going to call you, but I forgot.

❌ Помилка #4: Забувати про узгодження часів

❌ He told me he will help. ✅ He told me he would help.

❌ Помилка #5: Неправильна форма be з going to

❌ They was going to leave. ✅ They were going to leave.

Практика

Вправа 1: Зміни на непряму мову (Future in the Past)

1. "I will help you." → He said _____.
2. "She will be late." → I thought _____.
3. "We're going to move to London." → They said _____.
4. "It will rain tomorrow." → The forecast said _____.
5. "I'll call you next week." → She promised _____.

Вправа 2: Would чи Was/Were going to?

1. I _____ (call) you, but I lost your number.
2. He promised he _____ (help) me.
3. She _____ (start) a new job, but the company closed.
4. I knew it _____ (be) difficult.
5. We _____ (travel) to Spain, but we changed our plans.
6. He said he _____ (arrive) at 6 PM.

Вправа 3: Виправ помилки

1. He said he will come tomorrow.
2. She told me she will help me.
3. I am going to call you, but I forgot.
4. They was going to leave early.
5. She said she would call me tomorrow.
6. I knew she will be late.

Вправа 4: Доповни речення

1. He promised he _____ (not/be) late.
2. I _____ (buy) a new car, but it was too expensive.
3. She said she _____ (finish) by 5 PM.
4. We _____ (go) to the party, but we were too tired.
5. I knew you _____ (understand).

Відповіді

Вправа 1:

1. he would help me (або he'd help me)
2. she would be late (або she'd be late)
3. they were going to move to London
4. it would rain the next day (або the following day)
5. she would call me the next week (або the following week)

Вправа 2:

1. was going to call (нереалізований план)
2. would help (обіцянка в непрямій мові)
3. was going to start (план, що не реалізувався)
4. would be (прогноз у минулому)
5. were going to travel (план, що змінився)
6. would arrive (непряма мова)

Вправа 3:

1. He said he would come the next day.
2. She told me she would help me.
3. I was going to call you, but I forgot.
4. They were going to leave early.
5. She said she would call me the next day.
6. I knew she would be late.

Вправа 4:

1. would not be (або wouldn't be)
2. was going to buy
3. would finish (або 'd finish)
4. were going to go
5. would understand (або 'd understand)

Корисні поради

1. Узгодження часів: will → would, am/is/are going to → was/were going to
2. Would — для непрямої мови, прогнозів, обіцянок у минулому
3. Was/Were going to — для планів у минулому (особливо нереалізованих)
4. Зміни маркери часу: tomorrow → the next day, next week → the following week
5. Формула з would: would + V1 (базова форма)
6. Формула з going to: was/were + going to + V1
7. В розповідях Future in the Past створює драматичний ефект (щось станеться пізніше)
8. "Was/were going to" часто означає, що план НЕ втілився в життя

Порівняння: Future → Future in the Past

Ключ: Future in the Past — це погляд з минулого на те, що було майбутнім з тієї точки зору.